Published on 8 April 2021
Koay Kah Hoe, SMIEEE
Chief Operating Officer & Principal Consultant, DreamCatcher
The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was first introduced in the academic world in the 1950s. Simply put, Artificial Intelligence is a technology that makes machines think and behave intelligently. The advancement of semiconductor and computing technologies allows compute-intensive AI algorithms to execute at or close to real-time speeds, enabling AI technologies to be put into practical use in recent years, influencing our daily lives.
Today, AI is applied in a wide range of applications, including medical diagnosis, online trading/e-commerce, automotive, education, social media, gaming, and the list goes on. Engineers in the industry should also explore the application of AI in their engineering problems/tasks to automate processes, optimize solutions, categorize/map items. With the rich availability of AI algorithm libraries and easy-to-learn Python programming, engineers can pick up and apply the skills relatively easily. With a specific problem at hand, engineers need to first understand various types of AI algorithms available, identify the right set of AI algorithms, learn the specific AI techniques, and then develop the solution.
There are many types of AI algorithms. The most commonly known are machine learning and deep learning. This article by NVIDIA explains the difference between them. There are different types of AI algorithms used to solve different categories of problems. They are generally categorized under classification, regression, and clustering problems. In the early days, AI algorithms include expert systems, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and more. Starting in the 1980s, machine learning has quickly become the most popular and most successful AI subfield, a trend driven by the availability of faster hardware and larger datasets. It can be divided into 3 categories — supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Meanwhile, deep learning is a specific subfield of machine learning, which only rose to prominence in the early 2010s. Similarly, it was driven by the availability of high-performance hardware, massive datasets and benchmarks (from the Internet), and algorithmic advances (evolving from neural networks). Deep learning has enabled many practical applications of machine learning and by extension, the overall field of AI.
The figure below shows the AI evolution timeline and the categories of AI algorithms.
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